Written medieval sources About king Samuel (997-1014) JOHN SKYLITZES, SYNOPSIS HISTORION The Battle of Kleidion, 29 July 1014 ...The emperor did not relent, but every year he marched into Bulgaria and laid waste and ravaged all before him. Samuel was not able to resist openly, nor to face the emperor in open warfare, so, weakened from ...

by Maridonna Benvenuti ©2001 Andrea Hicks from Peasant Society in the Late Byzantine Empire by Angeliki E. Laiou-Thomadakis, Princeton University Press, 1977, ISBN 0-691-95252-2. As the main source of wealth, the land was distributed by the Palaeologan Emperors to their followers and to civil and military officials in the form of pronoia. The original grants carried an obligation ...

"Before the times of the national unity installed by the Macedonians around the middle of the 4th century BC, Greece was composed of many regions or city states[...] That they [Dorians] were related to the North-West Dialects (of Phocis, Locris, Aetolia, Acarnania and Epirus) was not perceived clearly by the ancients. " Sylvain Auroux, French linguist, ...

For a long while Macedonian onomastics, which we know relatively well thanks to history, literary authors, and epigraphy, has played a considerable role in the discussion. In our view the Greek character of most names is obvious and it is difficult to think of a Hellenization due to wholesale borrowing. ‘Ptolemaios’ is attested as early ...

The problem of the nationality of the Macedonians has been studied a great deal. Otto Hoffman with linguistics as his starting point solved it correctly and decisively when he accepted that the Macedonians were Greeks. F. Munzer, German linguist, "Die Politische Vernichtung des Griechentums", Leipzig 1925, p. 4

KINGS OF MACEDON AND DIADOCHI 1. ALEXANDROS m Ancient Greek (ALEXANDER Latinized) Pronounced: al-eg-ZAN-dur From the Greek name Alexandros, which meant ‘defending men’ from Greek alexein ‘to defend, protect, help’ and aner ‘man’ (genitive andros). Alexander the Great, King of Macedon, is the most famous bearer of this name. In the 4th century BC he built a huge ...

"Olympia",taken place in Dion, was a festival where Macedonians honoured Olympius Zeus along with Muses and their dead during battles. The festival contained games, both "Gymnikoi" and Music, called Olympia. With the help of archaeology (2nd International Symposium Thessalonike 1973), we can say that these games were pre-Archelaos era but it seems during Archelaos' time, they ...

One of the most silenced stories that we never hear is that there were also Eminent Macedonians who sought refuge in the court of the Persian king Darius and also fought against Alexander's army.{mospagebreak} Amyntas, Son of Antiochus A characteristical case is the one of Amyntas, son of Antiochus. According to Arrian (1.17.9;25.3) he had sought refuge ...

  While speaking on behalf of Lariseans, Thracymachus had used the term "Barbarian" calling so,  the king Archelaos of Macedon.  “Shall we being Greeks, Be  slaves to Archelaus, a Barbarian?”Lets examine now, carefully the background of this quote. First observation is that Thracymachus called barbarian only King Archelaos and there is a reason behind that. Archelaos II, king of Macedon from circa 413 to 399 BC, is ...

There are some conflicting views over the incident where Eumenes of Kardia with his cavalry and light arms faced the Macedonian commander, Neoptolemus, leading Macedonian phalanx. In order to avoid battle, Eumenes sent Xennias, a man whose spoke the Macedonian dialect to negotiate with the commander of the phalanx. About the above incident prof. Ernst Badian states ...