Archive for October, 2007

In 163 BC the Macedonian Ptolemaios, son of Glaukias living in Memphis of Ptolemaic Egypt, sends a letter to the ruler of his place because he is getting harrased from the Egyptians of one temple despite the fact that he is…GREEK.

Quote:

eisebiazonto boulomenoi exspasai me kai agagisai, kathaper kai en tois proteron xronois epexeirisan ousis apostaseos, para to Ellina me einai

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Officers

1. Aggelos Ioannis from Macedonia. He served as Oplarhigos.

2. Aggelopoulos Demetrios from Naousa, Macedonia

3. Aggelopoulos Konstantinos from Macedonia.

4. Adam Georgios from Kassandra.

5. Adam Hatzi Polychronis from Macedonia.

6. Anastasiou Papadimitris from Kassandreia. He was murdered in 1824.

7. Anastasiou Christos from Thessalonike, Macedonia

8. Antoniou Garoufallos from Cassandra

9. Basileiou Apostolaras from Macedonia. He was a major.

10. Berroios Emmanouel from Macedonia. He was a captain.

11. Berroios Nanos from Macedonia.

12. Vlahavas Nikolaos from Olympos, Macedonia. He died fighting as a colonel.

13. Vlahomichelis Athanasios from Olympos, Macedonia

14. Gatzas Aggelos from Macedonia. He was a colonel.

15. Gatzas Demetrios from Macedonia. He was a lieutenant-general.

16. Germanis Ioannis from Macedonia.

17. Gerokaratasios Anastasios from Macedonia. He was a Oplarhigos.

18. Georgiou Manolis from Macedonia.

19. Grevenitis Harisis Tziogas from Grevena, Macedonia.

20. Damianovich Soterios from Macedonia

21. Deliargiris Georgios from Olympos, Macedonia. He was wounded during fighting.

22. Dimou Stolios from Macedonia.

23. Dombrovoskos Theodoros from Macedonia

24. Doubiotis Basileios from Macedonia. He was a chiliarch.

25. Doubiotis Konstantinos from Macedonia. He was an armatolos prior to the war of independence and afterwards he became a general.

26. Doubiotis D. Nikolaos from Nea Pelli Atalantis.

27. Emmanouel Ioannis from Macedonia.

28. Zakos Ioannis from Macedonia. Wounded during the war.

29. Zakos Theodoros from Macedonia.

30. Zanos P. Dionysios from Macedonia. He was in the sacred band.

31. Zachilas Georgios from Olympos, Macedonia.

32. Theodoropoulos Stefanos from Olympos, Macedonia

33. Ioannou Michael from Macedonia

34. Ioannou Nikolaos from Macedonia

35. Ioannou Nikolaos from Macedonia

36. Karamitsos Demetrios from Grevena.

37. Karamisirlis Georgios from Macedonia

38. Karabornakos Gregorios from Macedonia

39. Karabousnakis D. Gregorios from Macedonia. Later he moved to Athens.

40. Karatassios Tzamis Demetrios from Macedonia. He was a major.

41. Karitsis Anastasios from Kastoria, Macedonia

42. Kassandrianos N. Georgios from Cassandra, Macedonia. He was killed during the destruction of Psara.

43. Kassandrinos Adam Lampros from Cassandra, Macedonia.

44. Katzaros Demetrios from Macedonia

45. Kissavos Basileios from Olympos, Macedonia

46. Kokkaliotis Demetrios from Macedonia.

47. Kortzalis Symeon from Macedonia. Later he moved to Nauplio

48. Kiparissis Ananias from Macedonia

49. Kirikopoulos Berris from Macedonia. He died fighting for Greece.

50. Lazos Markos from Olympos, Macedonia

51. Lazou L. Tolias from Olympos, Macedonia

52 Lazou Tolios from Macedonia. He was an Oplarhigos

53. Lassanis Georgios from Macedonia

54. Liakopoulos Mitros from Olympos, Macedonia. He was killed in the battle of Theba.

55. Liakopoulos Nikolaos from Olympos, Macedonia.

56 Liapis Georgios from Macedonia

57. Makris Kostas from Macedonia

58. Malotzos Emmanuel from Olympos, Macedonia

59. Michael Theochares from Macedonia

60. Michalopoulos Anastasios from Macedonia

61. Molotsos Nikolaos from Olympos, acedonia

62. Mpinos Kostas from Olympos Macedonia

63. Mpiziotis Anagnostis from Olympos, Macedonia

64. Mpiziotis Goulios from Macedonia

65. Mpourmpoutziotis Nikolaos from Macedonia. He was a chiliarch.

66. Nikolaides Christos from Macedonia.

67. Nikolaou Diamantis from Macedonia.

68. Nikolaou Stergios from Macedonia

69. Olympios Georgios from Macedonia. He was commander in chief of the Danube army. He was blown up along with 2000 of his enemies in 27 Sep. 1821.

70. Olympios Goulas from Olympos, Macedonia. He was killed in Psara in 1824.

71. Olympios N. Diamantis from Macedonia.

72.Olympios Nikolaou kostas from Olympos, Macedonia

73. Olympios Nikolaou Dimos from Olympos, Macedonia

74. Panagiotou Dimos from Kastoria, Macedonia

75. Pappas Em. Athanasios from Macedonia

76. Pappas Emmanuel from Macedonia. He was commander in chief in Cassandra.

77. Pappas Em. Konstantinos from Macedonia

78. Pappas Ioannis from Macedonia

79. Pappas Nikolaos from Macedonia

80. Pappadakis Zisimos from Macedonia

81. Paraskis Athanasios from Olympos, Macedonia

82. Parvalis Gregorios from Serrai, Macedonia

83. Perraivos Stergios from Olympos, Macedonia

84. Pericles Iakovos from Olympos, Macedonia

85. Pitzavas Anagnostis from Olympos, Macedonia

86. Razelos Petros from Macedonia

87. Rezis Eustathios from Macedonia

88. Sarafianos Athanasios from Macedonia

89. Siatisteus Georgios Anastasios from Macedonia

90. Stauropoulos Georgios from Macedonia

91. Steloudis N. Ioannis from Macedonia

92. Stergiou Aggelis from Macedonia

93. Syropoulos Athanasios from Macedonia

94. Syropoulos G. Ioannis from Macedonia

95. Syropoulos G. Melios from Macedonia

96. Tzaras Panagiotis from Macedonia

97. Tourlidis Zacharias from Macedonia.

98. Tsatsaronis Ioannis from Macedonia. He died during the destruction of Psara.

99. Filippou D. Christos from thessalonike, Macedonia

100. Xalkiotis Athanasios from Macedonia

101. Stageiritis Nikolaos from Macedonia

102. Xeimentos Anastasios from Macedonia

103. Xeimentos Ioannis from Macedonia. He was a captain.

*Note that non-commisioned officers are not part of the list.

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THE BATTLE OF CHAERONEA. Philip annihilated Athens’ mercenary force and captured Amphissa. In August, at the Battle of Chaeronea, Philip crushed the allied armies of Thebes and Athens. He garrisoned Thebes but let Athens go free. Philip called the Congress of Corinth, during which all the Greek states, except Sparta, entered a Hellenic League against Persia, under Macedonian hegemony. The league council had proportional representation and was presided over by a chairman, replaced by the Macedonian king in wartime. The autonomy of the members was guaranteed, existing constitutions were not to be altered, and no private property was to be confiscated. There was no tribute required and no more than four garrisons—Thebes, Corinth, Chalcis, and Ambracia. The king had supreme military command, and the Amphictyonic Council served as a court of appeals. Philip announced plans for a campaign against the Persian Empire.

“Encyclopaedia of World History” 6th Edition 2001

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Greek newspaper ‘Empros’ of 27th April 1903 about Delchev and Ilinden.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The person in the photo is Goce Delchev. Here is what the newspaper of that era writes about his death.

Translation:

Quote:

The assasinated BULGARIAN leader of rebels

August of 1903
BULGARIAN UPRISING IN MACEDONIA

———————————————————————— 

“Freedom or Death: The Life of Gotse Delchev”
Mercia MacDermot
The Journeyman Press, London & West Nyack, 1978 405p

And among these men, one stands out above all others, like the snow-white marble peak of Eltepe above the dark-grey granite ramparts of Pirin - a man as mild as the Aegean spring, as heroic as Krali Marko, as unsullied as the waters of Ohrid; a man of the kind that is born only to a land in an extremity of need and suffering, where dross is purged in the furnace of adversity, and heroes are tempered like swords in fire and blood; a man whose name was synonymous with Macedonia’s freedom, no matter what form that name might take. In secret revolutionary documents he was Ahil - Achilles the Fleet-footed; to the exasperated Turkish police, he was kanadli sheitan - the Winged Devil; to his contemporary Simeon Radev, he was “the saint with the dagger in his belt”; to his family and friends he was simply Gotse - the affectionate diminutive of his baptismal name - and Gotse he was likewise to his whole people, young and old, rich and poor. For them the defining surname - Delchev - is superfluous; every street, every family may have its Gotse, yet in all Macedonia there is only one Gotse, just as in the Universe there are many suns but only one Sun. Gotse, who according to the folk songs, married Macedonia, with the black earth for a bride, with his slender rifle for a sister, with his brace of pistols for brothers, and with black ravens for wedding guests.

Gotse Delchev (1872 - 1903)
“We have to work courageously, organizing and arming ourselves well enough to take the burden of the struggle upon our own shoulders, without counting on outside help. External intervention is not desirable from the point of view of our cause. Our aim, our ideal is autonomy for Macedonia and the Adrianople region, and we must also bring into the struggle the other people who live in these two provinces as well….
WE the Bulgarians of Macedonia and Adrianople, must not lose sight of the fact that there are other nationalities and states who are vitally interested in the solution of this question. Any intervention by Bulgaria would provoke intervention by the neighbouring states as well, and could result in Macedonia being torn apart”

quoted from p4, Chapter I

letter from Goce Delchev to Nikola Maleshevski, in which refers to himself as Bulgarian:

Sofia, 1 May 1899,

Kolyo (Nikola),

I have received all letters which were sent by or through you. May the dissents and cleavages not frighten you. It is really a pity, but what can we possibly do when WE OURSELVES ARE BULGARIANS and all suffer from the same disease! If this disease had not existed in our forefathers who passed it on to us, we wouldn’t have fallen under the ugly sceptre of the Turkish sultans…

The original letter:

Turkish documents about Delchev

Appendix No 16. A photocopy by the telegram of Salonik valiya (chief of Vilaet) Hasan Fahmi from May, 5, 1903. The telegram contains the phrase:

“The cheta of the one of the famous leaders Delchev, is composed by twenty one rebels, but shamelesses from the Bulgarian population joined to the cheta and they together counted almost from seventy to eighty persons. They were encircled by the Ottoman army in the village of Banitsa which is outlying two and half hours from Seres”.

Appendix No 17. A photocopy by the telegram of the Myutisarif of Seres from May, 9, 1903. The document has the words:

“I am informing you that the killed famous rebel Delchev wanted to pick on revolt the whole village population and that from the declaration of the captive hurt rebel Georgi we knew about existence of weapons in every village. The authorities know, according to the last information, that the Bulgarians from the village of Rondi near Seres are rebels and they help to the chetas of the Committee”.

Appendix No 18. A photocopy by the telegram, written to the Turkish Embassy in Bulgaria, May, 9, 1903. It contains the phrase:

„On April, 22 (May, 5), in the village of Banitsa one of the leaders of the Bulgarian Committees, with name Delchev, was killed“.

CONCLUSION 

Sources are more than clear. Even Delchev himself verify he was a Bulgarian and Ilinden as a Bulgarian uprising.

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“Alexander was Greek, profoundly Greek, product of the greater Greece that he
envisaged”

“Sacred History” by Henri Daniel-Rops - 1949

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The peace of Perdiccas was disturbed for some years by the ambitious designs of his youngest brother, Philip, who
aspired to the throne. In the beginning of his reign, mdeed, Perdiccas found himself surrounded by suspicious friends,
and open foes. The Thraciaris, and other barbarous nations, looked upon his kingdom with an envious eye; the Persians
affected to treat him as their vassal; and the Athenians menaced the safety of his throne by their colonies and allies on
the sea-coast. Perdiccas amused the latter with a show of friendship; but when he found that they treated him as an
inferior, he resolved to check their progress in the vicinity of his dominions.
When a monarch is disposed for war, occasion will seldom be wanted to find some pretext to justify the commencement
of the strife. Thus it was with Perdiccas. The city of Epidamnum, distracted by seditions at home, and threatened by
foreign foes, was in the utmost distress. The weaker party had called the Illyrians to their assistance, by which the government was so reduced, that they sent to the Corcyreans and Corinthians for aid. The Corinthians sent relief to Epidamnum, which the Corcyreans resented, and sent a fleet on the coast of Macedonia, in order to compel the Epidamnians to submit to whatever terms they thought proper to prescribe.
The Athenians took part in these proceedings, and Perdiccas embraced the opportunity of declaring war against that state.  The first measure of Perdiccas was, to persuade the Chalcidians to abandon their sea-ports, and to inhabit and fortify the city of Olynthus. Enraged at such a proceeding, the Athenians determined to revenge themselves on those who had deserted them, and on the instigator of their defection, Perdiccas.
To this end, they sent Agnon with a fleet, and a large army on board, to besiege Potidea, and to reduce the Chalcidians; but the plague infecting his army, he was obliged to return without accomplishing his purpose. He left Potidea as he found it, blocked up by a small army the Athenians had there before, and which eventually proved sufficient for its reduction. By the end of winter, the Potideans were so much reduced, that they stipulated with the Athenian generals, Xenophon, Hestiodorus, and Callimachus, to retire from the city, B. c. 431.
Another cause which tended to widen the breach between the Athenians and Perdiccas was as follows. One of the

The breach between the Athenians and Perdiccas became
wider and wider. On his part, he intrigued not only with
the Chalcidians, but with the Potideans and Bottiseans, subjects
of Athens in his neighbourhood, for the purpose of engaging
them to revolt; while on theirs, they incited the powerful
sovereign of Thrace, Sitalces, to dethrone him, and to
bestow his kingdom on Amyntas, who had been expelled by
Perdiccas his uncle from his inheritance. principalities of Upper Macedonia was the appanage of Philip, younger brother of Perdiccas, and another was the inheritance of Derdas, cousin to the royal family. About the time of the Corcyrean war, Perdiccas proposed to deprive both his brother and his cousin of their territories, and the Athenian administration thought proper to take those princes under its protection, and support them against the intended injury. Perdiccas resented this as a breach of the ancient alliance, and perhaps this was the chief motive .of his inciting the Chalcidians to revolt, and of his hostility to the Athenians. The ruin of Perdiccas seemed inevitable. Sitalces chose the winter for the invasion of Macedonia; at which season he put himself at the head of a large army, and with Amyntas in his train, he directed his march for the inland district of Macedonia, which had been the appanage of Philip, father of Amyntas. Here the young prince still had friends, and the towns of Gortynia and Atalanta opened their gates to his protector. Perdiccas trembled for the event. Weakened by civil war with the princes of his family, he was utterly unequal to meet the Thracian army in battle. He attended upon its motions only with his cavalry, while his people sought refuge in fortified towns, or in the mountains, woods, and marshes.
The first opposition that Sitalces encountered was from the town of Eidomene, which he took by assault. He next attacked Europus ; but unskilled in, and unprovided for «eges, he there failed. The Macedonian horse now made some
charges upon the army, and produced some impression ; but being always in the end overpowered, they soon desisted from their efforts. All the open country was, therefore, at the mercy of the Thracian prince; the provinces of Mygdonia,
Grestonia, Anthemaus, and ^Emathia, were desolated. It had been concerted with the Athenian government, that
an Athenian fleet should co-operate with the Thracians: but it was so little expected that Sitalces would undertake his enterprise in the winter, that this fleet was not sent. As soon, however, as it was known that he had actually entered Macedonia, an embassy was dispatched to make excuses for the omission, with presents for the Thracian monarch. Gratified by this attention, Sitalces now sent a part of his army into Chalcidice, and the ravage of that country was added to the destruction of the internal provinces. The people, however, found security in their towns ; for the whole force of Thrace was of little avail against a Grecian town moderately fortified.
One stroke of refined policy on the part of Perdiccas brought the unhallowed hope of the Athenians to the ground
and saved Macedonia from destruction. The rigour of the season having paralyzed the efforts of the Thracians for a
brief period, Perdiccas embraced the opportunity for negotiation. He found means to communicate with Seuthes, nephew and principal favourite of the Thracian monarch, to whom he offered Stratonice his sister in marriage, with a large portion. The intrigue succeeded. After Macedonia had been trodden under foot by the Thracians for a whole month, and mischief had been done beyond calculation, Sitalces, led his forces home without accomplishing the purpose for which the expedition was undertaken. A treaty of amity followed between the two monarchs, and the Macedonian princess gave her hand to Seuthes.
Delivered from this exigency, in order to be revenged on the Athenians, Perdiccas allied himself with the Spartans in
the first Peloponnesian war, B. c. 429 ; and much of the success of Brasidas was owing to his active co-operation; the
particulars of which belong to the history of the Grecians. The success which the Spartans obtained over the Athenians
was advantageous to Perdiccas. It inclined the Athenians to court his favour, notwithstanding the mutual injuries
they had inflicted upon each other. Perdiccas was disposed to favour their views; he chose, indeed, rather to conclude a
peace with Athens, than to throw himself entirely into the arms of his new allies, B. c. 423.
The fidelity of Perdiccas, however, was soon suspected by the Athenians. They charged him first with treachery in
not having efficiently assisted Nicias in the battle of Amphipoiis, and eventually they ordered a body of horse to be
transported to Methone, from whence they made inroads into Macedonia, and devastated some parts of the country. Nothing more is recorded of the reign of Perdiccas. He died B. c. 413, after reigning twenty-three years, leaving his
kingdom to his son.

History of the Macedonians By Edward Farr

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By some authorities, Archelaus is branded with the twofold stigma of base birth and sanguinary crime. These charges, however, rest upon slender authority. It is more satisfactorily ascertained that he was a prince of eminent talents,
and that the kingdom of Macedonia was more indebted to him than to any of its preceding1 monarchs, for the advance
in all that was truly glorious. To extend civilization, and to provide for the defence of his kingdom, were his absorbing
cares. To attain the first of these objects, it was necessary to begin by securing the second ; and he, therefore, increased
and disciplined his military force, formed magazines of arms and stores, and fortified some of his principal towns. The
only war in which Archelaus was engaged, was with the city of Pynda, in the province of Pieria, which had revolted
from him. That place was compelled to surrender, and its inhabitants were exiled from Pynda, and sent to dwell sixty
miles further from the sea-shore, that they might not easily receive succour from Athens, or any other of the Grecian
states.

Undisturbed by foreign and domestic foes, Archelaus ardently cultivated the arts of peace. Agriculture was encouraged,
and an invaluable benefit was conferred on the kingdom, by the formation of roads to connect distant districts.
Learning, literature, and art, found in him an admirer, and a munificent patron. Socrates was invited to his court, and
Euripides became his guest. The celebrated Zeuxis, also, attracted by his liberality and courtesy, adorned the royal
palace with some of the productions of his matchless pencil. Archelaus, moreover, instituted games, in imitation of southern Greece, dedicated to Jupiter and the Muses, and hearing the name of the Olympian.
In the midst of all this splendour, Archelaus perished by the hand of a traitor. Craterus, who is said to have been his
favourite, prompted by ambition, or revenge for personal dishonour, or by both united, conspired against him, and slew
him, after he had”reigned thirteen years. The nameless crime which led to the death of Archelaus, shows how impotent civilization is to save man from the corruptions of a fallen nature. He exhibited, in all his actions, a more enlightened mind than any of his ancestors ; yet he was equally deficient in moral conduct. The ” works of the flesh” were the glory of the heathen world. Too frequently, they were looked upon as godlike actions, and the shameful indulgence of them was hence practised, especially by those who had power on the earth. Their very gods and goddesses were represented as beings with like passions as themselves, and some systems of religion taught that the delights of heaven consisted in these things. A paradise of sensual gratifications was held to be the acme of bliss by some philosophers.
They had no notion of the ” beauty of holiness,” and of the delights that are to be found in the ” way of righteousness.”
The Bible, and the Bible alone, teaches such exalted doctrines, and the experience of the faithful proves them true.
The murder of Archelaus, says Heeren, was followed by a stormy period, wrapped in obscurity: the unsettled state of
the succession raised up many pretenders to the throne, each of whom easily found the means of supporting his claims,
either in some of the neighbouring tribes, or in one of the Grecian republics. Craterus was the first who usurped the
throne of Macedonia; but he held his station for the brief space of four days only, at the expiration of which time he
met with the death he had inflicted on his prince. He fell by the hands of violence.

History of the Macedonians By Edward Farr

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Nothing is known concerning the actions of Tyrimmas.  He possessed the crown of Macedonia forty-five years, and
then bequeathed it to his son.

Bibliography:

History of the Macedonians By Edward Farr

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Coenus (koinos) reigned for an equal length of time, during which no events are recorded, and then left his throne to his son.

Bibliography:

History of the Macedonians By Edward Farr

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Caranos was a native of Argos, and a retaote descendant of Hercules. Such is Justin’s account of the origin of the mighty Macedonian monarchy; and though there is an air of romance thrown over it, in the matter of the oracle, yet the main facts seem to be substantially correct. It is confirmed, indeed, by the Macedonian standard. In order to perpetuate the memory Caranus, from some unknown cause, left his country about B. c. 813, accompanied by a considerable body of Greeks in search of a foreign settlement. Consulting the oracle where he should proceed, and what measures he should take in establishing his colony, it is said he was answered, that he should be guided in his measures by the direction of goats. Caranus proceeded into Macedonia, and particularly the small principality of .53mathia, then governed by a prince called Midas, and drew near to its capital, Edessa. The sky being suddenly overcast, and a heavy storm coming on, Caranus observed a herd of goats running for shelter into the city. Recalling to memory the response of the oracle, Caranus commanded his men to follow him closely, and entering the city by surprise, he possessed himself of it, and eventually of the kingdom. of this extraordinary event, Caranus made use of a goat in that standard ; and it is remarkable, that in Scripture, a goat was symbolical of Alexander the Great, the most celebrated of the Macedonian monarchs.
At the period when Caranus took possession of the kingdom of Emathia, Telegonus, the friend of Priam, and one
of the heroes of the Trojan war, governed Poenia; and there were several other petty princes presiding over the several
regions of which Macedonia is composed. Caranus subdued several of these princes, and added their dominions to his
own, laying thereby the foundation of that kingdom which his successors rendered so celebrated in history.
Caranus is said to have ruled twenty-eight years, after which he was succeeded in his kingdom by his son.

 Bibliography:

History of the Macedonians By Edward Farr

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