Several etymological interpretations ave been attempted and assumptions have been made concerning the origin of the name of Florina. According to one mythological interpretation the name of the town derives from the mythical Dioskouros Kastoras and his ally Floris. The Byzantine historian kantakouzinos refers to the Byzantine castle Flerinon or Hlerinon , the secretary of the Enetic Republic G. Cavazza on his wary from Ahrida in 1591 passes by through Fluribelli; where as the Turkish interpretation of the town’s name, salvaged by the Albanian invaders of the 17th and 18th century, refers to the Filourina version which dervies frm filouri meaning old coin. In 1750 the name Herinos or Filorina appears in ecclesiastical documents.
Archive for November, 2007THE RISE OF MACEDON For most of its existence Macedonia played only a peripheral role in the politics and warfare of the Greek city-states that have formed the focus of our attention. In its marginal status it bore some resemblance to the less urbanized areas of Greece such as Achaea and Aetolia. It resembled them as well in the fact that it preserved earlier and less sophisticated political structures and like them it suffered from internal disunity. Both the land and its population had the potential under favorable conditions of developing a state whose power far exceeded other Greek powers. Geographically Macedonia consisted of two separate areas, Lower and Upper Macedonia. The core of Lower Macedonia as well as the later center of the kingdom was a large and fertile coastal plain watered by two major rivers, the Axius and the Haliacmon, that flow into the Thermaic Gulf. It was bounded on the east by the Strymon River. It was a strategically important center of routes leading northwards out of Greece towards the Danube, and also the nexus of another series of routes to the northwest and northeast. One of its continuing problems in antiquity was the constant pressure it faced from the tribal peoples to the north and the Greek city-states to the south. It was often cast in the role of an unwilling buffer for the Greeks on its southern borders against invaders from central and eastern Europe. Separated from Lower Macedonia by a ring of hills is the upland area of Upper Macedonia. It consists of plains and valleys that are protected by major mountain ranges on all but their eastern side. Yet despite its relative geographical isolation it was frequently attacked by its neighbors. The flat coastal plain of Lower Macedonia also differed in climate and apparently in economy from the upland areas. It enjoyed a Mediterranean climate with extensive tracts of fertile land suitable for the growing of cereal crops and providing good pasturage for horse and sheep raising. The upland areas with their continental climate also possessed some good land for cereal crops, but seem to have been particularly well adapted to sheep herding and horse rearing. Agriculturally Macedonia as a whole possessed far greater potential than any contemporary Greek state and its capacity to be a source of mounted troops was unrivaled by any area except for Thessaly. In addition, Macedonia possessed extensive tracts of forest that provided excellent timber for shipbuilding, a commodity in short supply in most of Greece. Within and near its eastern border were important gold and silver mines that formed a significant source of royal revenue. By Greek standards it was an exceptionally favored area. This allowed it to support a relatively dense population. Though any estimate of ancient populations is subject to a great deal of qualification, the figures given for Macedonian armies suggest a total population of about 150,000 adult males of whom about 80,000 would be available in theory for military service. Total Macedonian resources were on a scale that would dwarf any of the southern Greek states if it could be unified and provided with a stable political structure. Contrary to allegations by fourth-century opponents of the expanding Macedonian monarchy, its nomenclature and language were Greek but, as might be expected, it had dialectical peculiarities. The absence of urban centers that set it off sharply from the area of Greece dominated by city-states is shared with other northern and western Greek peoples. The creation of the Macedonian state was the result of expansion of the controlling dynasty of the coastal plain, the Aegeadae, from their capital on the lower Haliacmon at Aegae which most scholars now identify with modern Vergina. This movement, perhaps beginning in the mid-seventh century, resulted in their control of most of the lowland plain, and by the beginning of the fifth century they asserted overlordship of the small cantons of Upper Macedonia as well. These territories had local dynasties and aristocracies that had claims of their own, and it appears that the dynasty of Lower Macedonia had only a very nebulous hold on the area. Even within Lower Macedonia it is unclear as to how much authority individual kings could exert. In theory they had absolute power in almost all areas, but it appears that their authority was limited by their own nobility. In addition, there were tribal and geographic limitations. Though great importers of Greek culture, Macedonian kings before the mid-fourth century did little to create the urban substructure in which such culture flourished. WARFARE IN ANCIENT GREECE by Michael M. Sage
Nov
20
2007
Ancient Toponymies renamed by SlavsPosted by: admin in FYROM Propaganda, Skopjan PropagandaOccasionally one of the FYROM propagandists’ habbits is to bring the claim that Greeks renamed cities of Macedonia from their original names. So lets examine the opposite claim. Toponymies of FYROM’s regions/cities/villages/rivers and find out as many renamed ancient toponymies from Slavs we can get. 1. Skopje Even skopje its a changed name since it was originally founded by Dardanians as Skupi. 2. Debar Another changed name. The first recorded document mentioning Debar is the map of Ptolemy, dating around the middle of the 2nd century, in which it is called Deborus. 3. Delcevo Wikipedia says during Ottoman times it was called “Sultania” or “Sultaniye” and later Carevo Selo. The town was renamed its present name Delčevo in 1950. 4. Kavadarci The name Kavadarci is derived from the Greek word, “Kavadion” which means “cape made from a valuable material”. The citizens of Kavadarci being manufacturers of this material, the first recorded use of this name was during the first half of the 19th Century. 5. Kicevo The original ancient Illyriann name was Uskana . The town belonged to the Illyrian Penestae who inhabited the valley of the Treska/Velcka river and was mentioned for first time in the reign of Perseas, king of Macedon during the Third Macedonian War (171-169 BC). Another ancient name changed by Slavs. 6. Negotino Negotino was known under the name of Antigoneia. It was founded by the Macedonian king Antigonus II Gonatas, in the period between 278–242 BC. 7. Gostivar From wikipedia: “Possibly the first mention of the town was made by the Roman historian Livy. He records how during the Third Macedonian War the King of Macedon Perseus at the head of 10000 men, after taking Uskana (Kicevo), attacked Drau-Dak, today Gostivar. 8. Ochrid Wiki: Historical names include Dassarites , land of the Dexaroi - was, in the view of Hammond an Epirot group a constituent sub-tribe of the Chaones. It was, however. the area of Epirus most subject to Illyrian pressure and was probably heavily affected by the latter. and the Greek names Lychnidos (Λύχνιδος), Ochrida (Οχρίδα) and Achrida (Αχρίδα), the latter two of which are still in modern usage. 9. Valandovo Wiki: Evidence of life can be found beginning in the 10th-7th centuries B.C. There is a settlement known as Mal Konstantinopol (Small Constantinople) dating from Roman times, and the life in the Middle Ages is marked by Marco’s Tower. In the vicinity of the town there are also two very important archeological sites – The Isar Marvinci and the knowledge experts have on the existence of the ancient city Idomene. 10. Prilep The site of the ancient Keramiai - a Pelagonian (and therefore Greek-speaking) town. The plain in which it dominates was known as the Keramesian Plain (Prilepsko Pole in Slavic). It was the northern part of the Pelagonian plain - the southern part, dominated by Heracleia Lynkestis/Bitola is known in Slavic as Bitolsko Pole. 11. Demi Hisar It was known as SideroKastron when Greeks lived there. Later in Ottomantimes, the name was changed in to ”Demir Hisar” which in their language means ‘’ Iron Mountain’’. Another original greek toponymy renamed. 12. Demir-Kapija Demir-Kapija is a place already mentioned in Classical times under the name of Stenae (Greek for gorge). In the Middle Ages it was known as a Slav settlement, under the name of Prosek, while today’s name originates from the Turkish reign, meaning “The Iron Gate”. 13. Štip Originally an ancient Macedonian city called astibo which was renamed later to Štip. 14. Stroumica Wiki: The town is first mentioned in II century B.C. with the name Astrayon. Later it is known by the name Tiveriopol. It got it’s present name from the slovan settlers. 15. Cepigovo The ancient Styberra was renamed by Slavs as Cepigovo. 16. Bučin The ancient Alkomena. Alkomena used to be one of the urban centres of Derriopos. 17. Gevgelija 18. Titov Veles It was known in antiquity as Bylazora. 19. Isar-Marvinci There stood during antiquity according to archaeologists the ancient Idomenai. 20 Vardar The ancient Bardarios was renamed in Slavic as Vardar. 21. Crna The ancient Erigon renamed into the Slavic Crna.
Nov
18
2007
HistoryofMacedonia.org exposed - Part V ‘Macedonian sun’Posted by: admin in FYROM Propaganda, Skopjan PropagandaPerhaps you will have come across to the following link from the propagandistic site Historyofmacedonia.org: historyofmacedonia.org/Macedoniansymbols/MacedonianSun.html It doesnt surprise us anymore the systematic lies and falsification of history from the well-known propagandists. Picture 1.
It was found in Vergina, Macedonia, Greece and not FYROM. Picture 2. Same as above. It was found in Vergina, Macedonia, Greece.Picture 3.
It was discovered inside the Macedonian tomb of Lysson and Kalikles which exists in Lefkadia, Macedonia, Greece. Picture 4.
No info like all the above where it was taken from. Similar shields exist in Greek Archaeological museums. Picture 5.
Someone forgot to mention it was taken from the church Panagia Peribleptos (St. Clement’s) in Ohrid. The limited size conveniently prohibits us from watching closely the Greek inscriptions of the icon like Picture 6.
This is part of the “Crucifixion”. According to the Serbian account of “Icone, narodna knjiga Vuk Karazic Beograd” it was painted by an anonymous Greek iconographer in 13th c. Picture 7.
The limited size of this icon prohibits use from witnessing just next to the right side of this pic there is in Greek letters the word “Κεχαριτωμένη” since…the specific icon was also painted by a Greek iconographer. Picture 8.
‘Panagia Pelagonitissa’ 1422 was painted by the Greek iconographer Makarios. The systematic attempt from the well-known propagandists to provided as ‘proof’ of sth, archaeological findings in Greece and Orthodox icons painted by Greek iconographers of the previous centuries is trully ludicrus.
Nov
17
2007
FYROM Falsified Claim ‘ Hellene man, Ruler of Macedonians ‘Posted by: admin in FYROM Propaganda, Falsified ancient texts, Skopjan Propaganda
Herod. 5.20.4 This is another quote used alledgedly as a ‘proof’ of the non-greekness of Macedonians. However here it doesnt cognote any ethnical distinction but it shows the desire of Macedonian kings to underline their Greek ancestry. As a matter of fact Herodotus uses in some cases the term “anhr” (=ανήρ) to emphasize someone’s ancestry. Therefore we have in Herodotus 8.79.2 and 8.95.1 the mentioning of Aristeides Lysimachou, anhr Athenaios and in 8.42.6 we find Eurybiades tou Eurykleideos, anhr Spartan.
Nov
17
2007
FYROM Falsified Claim ‘ Thessalians the first Greeks to submit to Persians ‘Posted by: admin in FYROM Propaganda, Falsified ancient texts, Skopjan PropagandaFYROM claim:
Unfortunately for the deliberate intentions of FYROM propagandists to change this quote meaning, fact is that Aleauedae of Thessaly (the ruling family) did sent an embassy to Xerxes while he was at Susa, submitting to him and issued an invitation “couched in the most urgent terms, to invade Greece” (Herodotus VII, 6). The subsequent comment by Herodotus that Xerxes remarked that the Thessalians were the first Greeks to submit to his rule refers to this action by the Aleaudae as Herodotus himself makes clear. As he makes clear also Macedonias were Greeks.
Nov
17
2007
FYROM Falsified Claim ‘The old racial rivalry of Greeks and Macedonians’Posted by: admin in FYROM Propaganda, Falsified ancient texts, Skopjan PropagandaFYROM claim:
This is a clear a mistranslation that leads to a serious misunderstanding and falsification from the known propagandists. kai to ergon entau8a karteron hn, twn men es ton potamon apwsas8ai tous Makedonas kai thn nikhn tois hdh feugousi sfwn anaswsas8ai, twn Makedonwn de ths te Aleksandrou hdh fainomenhs eupragias mh leif8hnai kai thn doksa ths falaggos, ws amaxou dh es to tote diabebohmenhs, mh afanisai. kai ti kai tois genesi tw te Ellhnikw kai Makedonikw filotimias enepesen es allhlous kai entau8a piptei Ptolemaios to o Selekhou, anhr aga8os genomenos kai alloi es eikosi malista kai ekaton twn ouk hmelhmenwn Makedonwn note (h=hetta, 8=thetta, w= omega So the line in question is : καὶ τοῖς γένεσι τῷ τε Ἑλληνικῷ καὶ τῷ Μακεδονικῷ φιλοτιμίας ἐνέπεσεν ἐς ἀλλήλους. or “kai tois genesi tw te Ellhnikw kai Makedonikw filotimias enepesen es allhlous” but what is its translation??? kai = and So in short.. during the battle and while the Makedones were trying to equal Alexander’s accomplishemnts and not stain the honor of the phallanx, which was ‘unbeatable’… the ‘love for honor’/ambition drove the two tribes/clans upon eachother.. While the word ‘genesi’ may also mean ‘race’, Arrian (and NOT Diodorus) leaves us no reason to question the meaning, since he has already indicates that he’s using it with the meaning of ‘clan/tribe’ just a couple of lines down.. By Orphic Hymn
Nov
17
2007
FYROM Falsified Claim ‘Thessalia was the northern region of ancient Greece’Posted by: admin in FYROM Propaganda, Falsified ancient textsPropagandists of FYROM tend to provide a falsified version of ancient sources like Strabo’s. In particular the quote taken out of context they provide is:
This quote is used by skopjans as a ‘proof’ of the alleged non-greekness of Macedonians but if someone examines it a little better he will find its deliberately taken out of context. Here is the complete text. [12] There is an ancient story of the Armenian race to this effect: that Armenus of Armenium, a Thessalian city, which lies between Pherae and Larisa on Lake Boebe, as I have already said,26 accompanied Jason into Armenia; and Cyrsilus the Pharsalian and Medius the Larisaean, who accompanied Alexander, say that Armenia was named after him, and that, of the followers of Armenus, some took up their abode in Acilisene, which in earlier times was subject to the Sopheni, whereas others took up their abode in Syspiritis, as far as Calachene and Adiabene, outside the Armenian mountains. They also say that the clothing of the Armenians is Thessalian, for example, the long tunics, which in tragedies are called Thessalian and are girded round the breast; and also the cloaks that are fastened on with clasps, another way in which the tragedians imitated the Thessalians, for the tragedians had to have some alien decoration of this kind; and since the Thessalians in particular wore long robes, probably because they of all the Greeks lived in the most northerly and coldest region, they were the most suitable objects of imitation for actors in their theatrical make-ups. And they say that their style of horsemanship is Thessalian, both theirs and alike that of the Medes. To this the expedition of Jason and the Jasonian monuments bear witness, some of which were built by the sovereigns of the country, just as the temple of Jason at Abdera was built by Parmenion. Strabo talks about the story of Armenus who accompanied Jason in Armenia. In other words at the time of Argonautic expedition which of course happened centuries *before* the Macedonian migration from Pindos and *obviously* at the time being, Thessalians were “in the most northerly and coldest region” since Macedonia didnt exist. Its really embarrasing for them since Strabo is more than clear that ancient Macedonians were Greeks and Macedonia was “of course a part of Greece“
Nov
10
2007
Slavic Propaganda about churches and iconographies of FYROMPosted by: admin in FYROM Propaganda, Macedonian Culture, Skopjan Propaganda
Monastery of St Naum In around 1806, the wall decoration inside was fulfilled by the “son of painter Konstantinos from Korytsa” who paint the folowing “Entrance to Jerusalem”, “Jesus Christ”, “Gathering of Archangels” “Theotokos” (all of them of course in greek language) St Klemes Around 1889 the painter Stephanos from Lazaropolis was called to paint the already dark wall paintings of the church. All his representations were in Greek of course. Church of Archangel Michael in the vilage Radonja, Stusko Here we have wall paintings of 13th c. (Archangel Michael) in Greek, made by the Greek iconographers of North Macedonia at the same period. Church of St’ Nikolaos - Bolnicki - Ohrid This church has wall paintings of 1313,1333,1345-46. They were painted by Chrostiras Michael and Eftichios and were finished by their students. All the icons are in Greek. Church of Theotokos - Bolditska - Ohrid Icons in Greek language from 14th and 15th centuries are found. Old St Klemes Ohrid This church was built by the priest Stephanos, as its visible from the greek inscription in the south entrance when the wall painting was done during 1378. Small church of Aghioi Anargyroi This church is found near the church of St’ Konstantinos and Eleni. It has icons of 14th century and in its south wall we can find paintings of St Klemes and the face of the archbishop of Ohrid Konstantinos Kavasillas. All the writings are in Greek. Church of Aghia Theotokos Tselnitsa This church has wall paintings of 14th c. and 19th c. which are the last of the iconographer Demetrios from Samarina of Epirus. Church of St Konstantinos and Eleni - Ohrid It has iconographies of 1477. The inscriptions are in Greek. Theotokos i Pestrini - Ohrid This church was built in 17th c. It has iconographies with the faces of Cyrillos and Methodios and St Athanasios. The painter as revealed by a related text of 19th c. is Emmanouel Georgiou. Church of St Barbara - Raitsa Debar It was built in 1592 and has iconographies signed by Stephanos of Mount Athos. Monastery of St Ioannis bigorski It has iconographies of 18th and 19th c. Especially you can find there iconographies of the Greek iconographer Demetrios of Samarina. Church of St Nikolaos in the village Baros This church was built most likely in 1298 from the Greek “Son of Kapzas” and his wife Maria, during the reign of Andronikos B’ - Michael IX. Everything is written in Greek. Monaster of Archangel Michael in the village Baros This monastery has a few snatches from 12th c. like “Jesus in front of Pilatus”, “H apokathilosis” who were owned by the monk Ioannis. Church of St Nikolaos in the village Monastiri In this village was initially built by Alexios, relative of Alexios Komnenos in 1095. The abbot Aakios called Ioannikos in 1266 and he built the church as it is now. The whole church is full of iconographies of the same era. Monastery of Treskavets There is a Greek insciption in the entrance where Byzantine emperors are being mentioned. It has iconographies of 14th, 15th until 19th c. St Nikolaos Toplicki It contains paintings of the famous iconographer Demetrios from Samaria of Epiros. St Nikolaos in Slepce Inside there is the icon of Panaghia i Triherousa with Greek inscriptions from unknown artist. St Athanasios - Galitsani There are iconographies of 1627, of the Greek iconographer Ionas from Kastoria. St Demetrios - Mariovo Iconographies of XIV c. in Greek. St Demetrios - Monastiri It was built in 1830 from Vlachs who settled in the area (40,000) after the destruction of Moschopolis in Epiros. We have iconographies of the same era in Greek. Tags: alexios, andronikos, apokathilosis, archangel, athanasios, baros, bolditska, byzantine, church, cyril, demetrios, eftichios, eleni, Epirus, galitsani, iconographer, iconographies, iconography, ioannikos, ionas, jerusalem, kapzas, kastoria, konstantinos, korytsa, lazaropolis, mariovo, methodios, methodius, monastery, monastiri, moschopolis, naum, nikolaos, ohrid, pelagonitissa, pestrini, radonja, samarina, slepce, stephanos, stusko, theotokos, toplicki, treskavec
Nov
08
2007
Skopjan propaganda “The use of the term Macedonia was forbidden in Greece until 1988″Posted by: admin in FYROM Propaganda, Skopjan Propaganda, Thessalonike, newspapersFACTS: There are many examples for state institutions or privat corporations which use the term “MAKEDONIA” in Greece since the end of 19th century and still use it: Newspaper “Makedonia” - paper of 4th April of 1878
Faros Of Macedonia - paper of 29th November 1887.
Ermis of Thessaloniki - paper of 24th Octomber of 1875.
Official document from the Kingdom of Greece in 1922, mentioning the name of the commanding officer of…Macedonia.
The Greek government had given the title ”Governor General of Macedonia” to the Greek minister of the Macedonia region in Greece. Examples: In early 1923 the Governor-General of Macedonia, Achilleas Lambros, conducted an ethnological survey of this region.(30) According to Lambros, the statistical data came (a) from the official Greek census of 1920, (b) from another census conducted at about the same time on behalf of the Foreign Ministry and (c) from information derived from various local officials. This figure is also supported by an 1912 unofficial and unpublished census found in the papers of the first Greek Governor-General of Macedonia, Stefanos Dragoumis.(25)
1923: “In the course of conversation, Mr. Lambros [Governor General of Macedonia], actually said that the present was a good opportunity to get rid of the Bulgars [sic] who remained in this area and who had always been a source of trouble for Greece. We can easily find references in international press. Time Magazine - Aug. 04, 1924 Quote:
Time Magazine, ‘Toward Warm Water?’, Monday, Jul. 23, 1945 Quote:
The Greek Company of Scientific Researches were publishing books in Greece while sending similar reports to the Greek government under the title “Economy of Macedonia” in 1928.
The Greek “Club of scholars from Macedonia” were sending reports to the Greek government from education in Macedonia, having in the cover pictures of Alexander the Great in 1932.
The undergraduates in the University of Thessalonike were listening to their Rector adressing them for being lucky to be in “the heart of Macedonia” just in 1928.
The building of the Society of Macedonian Studies founded in 1934. You do not need to know Greek to read the word in the middle: Makedonikwn=Macedonian
Makedonika Magazine -1940
Pan-Macedonian Association - 1947 National Geographic Map of 1958
Zoom in here MACEDONIA und THESSALONIKI Newspaper logo Macedonia (Greek:Μακεδονία) is a Greek daily newspaper first published in 1911 by Vellidis. In the spring of 1939, a number of distinguished citizens of Thessaloniki founded the Society for Macedonian Studies as a legal entity of private law. NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Macedonia (newspaper) INTERNATIONAL FAIR TRADE OF THESSALONIKE It was founded in 1926 and since then the term Macedonia is always used officialy in the greatest International event of Thessalonike. For further infos see International Fair Trade Topic
Efimeris Kyverniseos” [Official Newspaper of the Greek Government] 15th Feb. of 1963.
Greek Kingdom honours Makedonomachoi between 1902-1908
Map of Greece from lib.utexas.edu- 1973
The Society for Macedonian Studies - 1975 Art Gallery of the Society for Macedonian Studies Founded in 1975, this was the first organised visual art institution in the city, its purpose being to promote and disseminate modern Greek art, mainly that of northern Greece. […] The collection comprises more than 400 works, mainly paintings, sculptures, and engravings, mostly by artists from Thessaloniki and Macedonia in general, though there are also works by major artists from the rest of Greece and other countries too. The term Macedonia was also used in Greek school books. Geography School book of 1977
Thessaloniki Museum of the Macedonian Struggle The Society which is responsible for the Museum of the Macedonian Struggle is that of the “Frieds of the Museum of the Macedonian Struggle”, a private association founded in Thessaloniki in 1979. Many thanks to the members of MacedoniaOnTheWeb for gathering all that info. For more check also Contemporary Use of the name Macedonia - The most ill-conceived Skopjan lie Tags: 1934, 1988 museum, efimeris, Efimeris Kyverniseos, fyrom, general governor, governor, lambros, macedonia, macedonian journal, macedoniaontheweb, makedonia, makedonika, makedonomachoi, map, name, national geographic, newspapers, scholars, serres, Society of Macedonian Studies, struggle, studies, texas, thessaloniki, vellidis |
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Same as above. It was found in Vergina, Macedonia, Greece.


























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